Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disease of the airways. Over the past decade, the prevalence of asthma in children has increased in the United States. Environmental exposures to allergens, air pollutants, and environmental tobacco smoke, and workplace exposures can cause and exacerbate asthma. Control of environmental exposures can significantly improve the quality of life of people with asthma.
This activity is one in a series of Case Studies in Environmental Medicine. Its goal is to increase knowledge of hazardous substances in the environment and to help in evaluation and treating of potentially exposed patients. Upon completion, participants should be able to (by topic):
Overview of Asthma
• Define asthma
• Identify environmental factors that trigger asthma
Differential Diagnosis of Asthma
• Identify five conditions that may be confused with asthma in children
• Identify five conditions that may be confused with asthma in adults
Environmental Triggers of Asthma
• Identify five indoor triggers of an acute asthma episode
• Identify five outdoor triggers of an acute asthma episode
• Describe the effect of occupational exposures on adult asthma prevalence
Clinical Assessment
• Identify the key signs and symptoms of asthma
• Describe questions regarding environmental asthma triggers that should be included in the standard medical history
• Describe pulmonary function test criteria for diagnosing asthma
• Identify the role of allergy testing in managing asthma
• Describe questions regarding occupational asthma triggers that should be included in the standard medical history
Treatment, Management and Prevention
• Describe the general treatment and management goals for patients with asthma
• Describe modifying factors that might affect how environmental triggers cause or exacerbate asthma
• Identify at least three things patients should do to decrease exposure to allergens and irritants
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